Domestic violence is a pervasive problem in India that affects millions of individuals every year. It can take many different forms, including physical, emotional, sexual, and financial abuse. Domestic violence can happen to anyone, regardless of gender, age, or social status. It’s important to understand what domestic violence is, the different types of abuse, and how to get help if you or someone you know is experiencing domestic violence. In this article, we’ll explore all of these topics and provide valuable resources for individuals who are dealing with domestic violence.
What is Domestic Violence?
Domestic violence, also known as intimate partner violence (IPV), is a pattern of behavior used by one partner to gain power and control over the other. Domestic violence can occur between spouses, partners, or family members, and it can take many different forms. Domestic violence is a serious crime in India, and the law provides protection for victims of domestic violence.
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines domestic violence, also known as intimate partner violence, as “any behavior within an intimate relationship that causes physical, psychological or sexual harm to those in the relationship, including acts of physical aggression, sexual coercion, psychological abuse, and controlling behaviors.”
This definition emphasizes that domestic violence can take many different forms and can involve a range of harmful behaviors. It also emphasizes that domestic violence can affect anyone, regardless of their age, gender, sexual orientation, or socioeconomic status.
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations (UN) recognize domestic abuse as a serious human rights violation and a public health issue with significant negative consequences for individuals, families, and communities.
In a joint statement on domestic violence in the context of COVID-19, the WHO and the UN noted that the pandemic has heightened the risk of domestic abuse and highlighted the need for governments and other stakeholders to take action to prevent and respond to domestic violence.
What are the various types of Domestic Violence?
Domestic violence can take many different forms, and it’s important to recognize the signs of each type of abuse. The most common types of domestic violence include:
Physical Abuse: This is the most visible form of domestic violence and involves physical harm such as hitting, slapping, kicking, or choking. It can also involve the use of weapons.
Emotional Abuse: This type of abuse involves the use of words, behaviors, or actions to control, degrade, or manipulate another person. Examples include constant criticism, verbal attacks, isolation from friends and family, and withholding affection or support.
Sexual Abuse: This type of abuse involves any non-consensual sexual behavior or any sexual behavior that one partner feels coerced into. It can include rape, forced sexual acts, or any other type of sexual behavior that one partner does not feel comfortable with.
Financial Abuse: This type of abuse involves using money or financial control to manipulate or control another person. This can include controlling access to money, refusing to let a partner work, or using money as a way to punish or reward a partner.
Signs of Domestic Violence
Domestic violence is a serious and widespread problem that can affect people of all ages, genders, and backgrounds. Unfortunately, many victims of domestic violence may be reluctant to come forward or seek help because they feel ashamed, guilty, or afraid. As a result, it’s essential to know the signs of domestic violence so that you can identify when someone may be in danger and offer them support.
Here are some of the signs of domestic violence to look out for:
- Physical injuries: One of the most obvious signs of domestic violence is physical injuries, such as bruises, cuts, burns, or broken bones. These injuries may not be easy to see, as abusers may target areas of the body that can be concealed by clothing.
- Emotional abuse: Domestic violence can also involve emotional abuse, such as insults, name-calling, or belittling comments. Victims of emotional abuse may also exhibit symptoms of depression or anxiety, such as low self-esteem, mood swings, or changes in appetite or sleep patterns.
- Isolation: Abusers may try to isolate their victims from friends and family members, often by controlling their access to communication or transportation. Victims may also be prevented from attending social events, going to work or school, or pursuing their hobbies or interests.
- Financial control: Domestic violence can also involve financial control, such as restricting access to money or controlling the victim’s finances. This can make it difficult for victims to leave the abusive relationship, as they may not have the resources to support themselves or their children.
- Intimidation: Abusers may use intimidation tactics to control their victims, such as threats of violence, destruction of property, or stalking. Victims may feel constantly on edge or fearful of their abuser’s reactions.
How do Domestic Abusers behave in front of other people?
Domestic abusers often engage in a cycle of behavior that includes periods of tension building, acute violence, and reconciliation. In public, domestic abusers may appear charming, kind, and helpful, but behind closed doors, they may be emotionally, physically, and sexually abusive to their partners.
Here are some common behaviors that domestic abusers may exhibit in public:
- Charm and Manipulation: Domestic abusers are often skilled at manipulating others to get what they want. They may be charming, charismatic, and seem to have a lot of friends. They may also use flattery, gifts, and promises to gain favor with others.
- Controlling Behavior: Abusers often exhibit controlling behavior in public, such as telling their partner what to wear or how to behave. They may also try to isolate their partner from their friends and family or prevent them from going out in public.
- Public Criticism: Abusers may criticize their partner in public, often to belittle or shame them. They may make comments about their partner’s appearance, intelligence, or behavior, and use public humiliation as a way to exert power and control.
- Mood Swings: Abusers may have sudden mood swings in public, going from charming and friendly to angry and hostile. This behavior may be used to intimidate their partner or to assert their dominance.
Despite these warning signs, it can be hard for people to believe that someone they know could be capable of domestic abuse. Here are some reasons why it may be hard for people to believe the victim:
- Social Stigma: There is often a social stigma surrounding domestic abuse, which can make it hard for victims to come forward. Victims may fear being judged or blamed for the abuse.
- Lack of Understanding: Many people don’t understand what domestic abuse is and may not recognize the signs of abuse when they see them.
- Misconceptions about Abusers: Abusers are often portrayed as violent monsters, which can make it hard to believe that someone who seems kind and charming in public could be capable of abuse.
- Victim Blaming: Some people may blame the victim for the abuse, believing that they somehow brought it on themselves. This attitude can make it hard for victims to come forward and can prevent others from believing them.
It’s important to recognize the signs of domestic abuse and to take them seriously. If you or someone you know is experiencing domestic abuse, it’s important to seek help and support from trained professionals.
How to Get Help for Domestic Violence?
If you or someone you know is experiencing domestic violence, it’s important to seek help as soon as possible. There are several resources available for people who are experiencing IPV, including:
- Police: In case of immediate danger, dial 100 to call the police.
- Women Helpline Number: 1091 is a dedicated helpline number for women in distress.
- One Stop Centres: These are specialized service centers for women that provide medical, legal, and counseling services. You can find the nearest One Stop Centre by visiting the Ministry of Women and Child Development website.
- Domestic Violence Shelters: These shelters provide a safe place for victims of domestic violence to stay. They may also offer counseling, legal assistance, and other resources to help victims get back on their feet.
- Therapy: Therapy can be a helpful tool for people who are experiencing domestic violence. A therapist can provide support, guidance, and a safe space to talk about their experiences.
- Legal Assistance: If you’re experiencing domestic violence, it may be helpful to speak with a lawyer who specializes in domestic violence cases. They can help you understand your legal rights and take legal action against your abuser.